Load Definition
AASHTO
Loading is applied in accordance with AASHTO LRFD design code regulations. The loading categories specified in the wizards are:
EUROCODE
Loading is applied in accordance with EUROCODE design code regulations. The references are given in the particular load definitions.
| Construction stages | Steel (concrete deck) | Time (days) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discontinuous | Continuous | ||||
| Stage Name | Actions | Load case name | Description | Description | |
| Struct | wizCompActions | Plots of structure elements | Plots of structure elements | - | |
| SubS | wizCompActions | Pier age= Age at activation | Activate earth springs | Activate earth springs | 0 |
| Activate pier elements | Activate pier elements | ||||
| wizCompActions | SubS-SW | Calculate Self-weight for piers | Calculate Self-weight for piers | ||
| wizCompActions | SubS-CS | Calculation of time effects for all applied loads DT1 = 50 | Calculation of time effects for all applied loads DT1= 50 | ||
| Abutment | wizCompActions | Activate L/R bearings | Activate C bearings | 50 | |
| Girder | wizCompActions | Activate girders | Activate girders | 50 | |
| Activate L/R Cross-frames | Activate L/R Cross-frames | ||||
| Activate lateral bracings | Activate lateral bracings | ||||
| wizCompActions | Girder-SW | Calculate Self-weight of girders | Calculate Self-weight of girders | ||
| Calculate Self-weight of L/R Cross-frames | Calculate Self-weight of C Cross-frames | ||||
| Calculate Self-weight of lateral bracings | Calculate Self-weight of lateral bracings | ||||
| wizCompActions | Girder-CS | Calculation of time effects for all applied loads DT2=10 | Calculation of time effects for all applied loads DT2=10 | ||
| Onsite | wizCompActions | No activation | No activation | 60 | |
| wizCompActions | Onsite-SW | Apply Self-weight of slab to girders | None | ||
| wizCompActions | Onsite-FW | Apply Form Work Weight (installation) to girders | Apply Form Work Weight (installation) to girders | ||
| wizCompActions | Onsite-CS | Calculation of time effects for all applied loads DT3 = 10 | Calculation of time effects for all applied loads DT3 = 10 | ||
| Slab | wizCompActions | Slab age = SLAB-AGE. | Activate concrete slab | Activate concrete slab | 60 |
| Activate composite part | Activate composite part | ||||
| wizCompActions | Slab-SW | none | Apply Self-weight of slab to girders | ||
| wizCompActions | Slab-CS | Calculation of time effects for all applied loads DT4 = 10 | Calculation of time effects for all applied loads DT4 = 10 | ||
| Final | wizCompActions | No activation | No activation | 70 | |
| wizCompActions | Final-SW | none | none | ||
| wizCompActions | Final-SDL | Apply SDL on composite part | Apply SDL on composite part | ||
| wizCompActions | Final-CS | Calculation of time effects for all applied loads DT5 = 10000, number of time steps N=5 | Calculation of time effects for all applied loads DT5 = 10000, number of time steps Na=5 | ||
Compute Creep and Shrinkage
- DT1- Time for construction of substructure
- DT2-Time between installation of girders and deck
- DT3- Time between application of deck and installation of deck
- DT4- Time between installation of deck and SDL
- DT5-Time of final Creep
Self-weight – gamma default the program takes from the material table the respective value of the assigned material Self weight may be defined to act as a loading. Definition of self-weight loading for the specified elements. The actual loading is calculated by multiplying the specific weight with the cross-section area of the element table.
| Calculation of additional loads | Actions | END Envelope | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage | AASHTO | Eurocode | ||
| TrafficCalc | None |
Influence lines and live load are calculated , First the envelopes are created and then the load trains are combined with the load lanes. |
||
| TrafficSup | Traffic.sup | LM1-TS.sup LM1-UDL.sup PedL.sup | The position of load trains on the structure is superimposed between each other. | |
| Brake | Brake.sup | The load case is first calculated ,with SupInit an empty envelope is created and then it is superimposed (the way we want to brake) into this envelope with factor -1 and 1 ;we get effects from both directions and chooses the more unfavorable one. | ||
| Settle | Settle.sup | Calculates the settlement load case and add it in the final envelope where everything is superimposed in the final envelope with the action and which means that action and adds the load case only if the result is more unfavorable . | ||
| Temp | TempF-U.sup TempD-U.sup TempG.sup | Temp.sup | Calculation and superposition of temperature load cases. | |
| Wind | WindT.sup WindS.sup | WindS+T.sup WindS.sup | Calculation and superposition of wind loads where the final names of the envelopes are windT on traffic and superstructure or structure only ; In Eurocode we have a different envelope wind on structure plus traffic and wind only on structure | |
| Eartquake | EQ.sup | For the Eq calculation the response spectrum is used. The first 30 Eigen values of the structure are calculated and after that the response spectrum calculation is done. | ||
| BearRep | BearRep.sup | Calculation and superposition of this load cases (Replace1, 2...) | ||
| Combination | Comb1.sup, …, Combn.sup |
Combinations are calculated and they are superimposed in the most unfavorable SLS and ULS envelopes. 1-10 combined into the SLS envelope and combination 11-13 combined in ULS envelope. wizCompCombTab |
||